According to the Oxford Dictionary, an idea can be defined as “any product of mental apprehension or activity, existing in the mind as an object of knowledge or thought”. In academic contexts, ideas are often materialized in scientific papers through a deep process of mental apprehension and knowledge integration. In an Interdisciplinary Research (IDR), ideas emerge from connections between distinct disciplines or areas of knowledge.

With that in mind, this annotation process aims to identify the key elements that contribute to the creation of interdisciplinary papers (or ideas) and understand the rationale behind their combination.

Therefore, you are invited to select a paper from the provided list and determine whether it is Interdisciplinary Research (IDR) or not (task 1). If so, we kindly ask you to classify if the paper is a basic or applied research (task 2), and identify the most important cited papers that contributed to its development, including selecting the relevant fields and subfields (task 3). Before submitting the final answer, we also ask a few sentences that describes the integration of interdisciplinary ideas (Task 4).

Before submitting your response, please carefully read each task description in the upper right corner.